#include<bits/stdc++.h> usingnamespace std; #define int long long #define fr first #define sc second #define endl '\n' using PII = pair<int,int>; signedmain(){ int t; cin >> t; while(t--){ int n, k; cin >> n >> k; int ans = k + 1; for(int i = 1; i <= k; i++){ if(n % 2 != 0 && n != 1){ ans += (k - i); } ans ++; n /= 2; if(n == 0){ break; } } cout << ans << endl; } return0; }